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Bystander effect and genomic instability. Challenging the classic paradigm of radiobiology
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Short Description: OV Belyakov, M Folkard, C Mothersill, KM … - Modern problems of Radiobiology, Radioecology and …, 2000 - belyakov.fortunecity.net CHALLENGING THE CLASSIC PARADIGM OF RADIOBIOLOGY OV Belyakov 1,2 , M.
Folkard 2 , C. Mothersill 1 , KM Prise
Content Inside: Published in the proceedings of the Timofeeff-Ressovsky centennial conference "Modern problems of Radiobiology, Radioecology and Evolution", Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, September 6-9, 2000 BYSTANDER EFFECT AND GENOMIC INSTABILITY. CHALLENGING THE CLASSIC PARADIGM OF RADIOBIOLOGY O. V. Belyakov 1,2, M. Folkard2, C. Mothersill1, K. M. Prise2 and B. D. Michael2
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Radiation Science Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology, 40-41 Lr.Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland 2 Gray Laboratory Cancer Research Trust, PO Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, UK
Introduction Until recently, it has been commonly accepted that the biological consequences following radiation exposure are attributable to DNA damage. According to this paradigm, DNA damage occurs during or very shortly after irradiation of the nuclei in targeted cells, and the potential for biological consequences can be expressed within one or two cell generations [1]. A few lines of evidence have now emerged that challenge the classical effects resulting from targeted damage to DNA. These effects have also been termed "non-targeted" and include radiation-induced bystander effects, genomic instability, low dose hypersensitivity and induction of genes by radiation [2]. An essential feature of "non-targeted" effects is that they are particularly significant at low doses. The radiation-induced bystander effect is a phenomenon whereby cellular damage (sister chromatid exchanges [3, 4], chromosome aberrations[5, 6], apoptosis [7, 8], micronucleation [9], transformation [10], mutations [11] and changes of gene expression [12, 13]) is expressed in unirradiated neighbouring cells near to an irradiated cell or cells (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Scheme of the bystander effect. Directly damaged cell is highlighted dark grey; bystander damaged cells are highlighted light grey.
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